In times of crisis and conflict, how can European energy security be guaranteed, taking into account the financial and environmental costs?
The project «Europe's energy transition: Balancing the trilemma», is composed of a series of six policy papers, developed by the Brookings Institution in partnership with the Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos.
The project «Europe's energy transition: Balancing the trilemma», is composed of a series of six policy papers, developed by the Brookings Institution in partnership with the Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos.


After the energy crisis: Policy responses in the Iberian Peninsula
Portugal and Spain are in a position to lead Europe's energy transition and capture green industrialisation opportunities, thanks to abundant...
21/07/2025
38 min


The risks and opportunities of the EU’s green trade agenda
EU regulations seek to create a green trade environment where environmental concerns shape international markets. However, the implementation of...
29/05/2025
38 min


Navigating market and political uncertainties in the age of energy transition
The future of energy is highly uncertain. The world's largest economies are failing to meet the climate objectives set out in the Paris Agreement and...
29/04/2025
25 min
More policy papers
FFMS: Policy paper Search
Books
To buy