Professor of Economics at Sciences Po University in Paris and the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, he holds the Tommaso Padoa Schioppa Chair at the European University Institute in Florence and is an Honorary Mercator Member at Bruegel, the Brussels-based economic think tank. His publications include numerous books and articles on economic policy and European politics. He was Director of Programme and Ideas for Emmanuel Macron's presidential campaign (2017) and Commissioner General for the Strategy of France (2013-16), the government's think tank, while in 2005 he founded the Bruegel Institute, which he directed until 2013.